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Blockchain and the transparency paradox: Fear of exposure, information asymmetry, and traceability resistance in Saudi manufacturing supply chains
Miralam, M. S., Ahmed, S., Nazneen, A., Haque, R., Qazi, S., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S.
Research summary
Why can perceived transparency risks coexist with blockchain implementation in manufacturing supply chains?
Study design
The study analyzes three-wave survey data from 703 Saudi manufacturing firms using PLS-SEM, supported by measurement, predictive and robustness analyses. It distinguishes psychological and economic transparency risks from traceability resistance and examines relational trust and digital capability.
What the study found
Psychological and economic risk perceptions were positively associated with implementation and negatively associated with resistance. Traceability resistance was negatively related to implementation. Trust and digital capability moderated selected relationships asymmetrically. The model explained 67.3% of implementation variance and 66.7% of resistance variance.
Why it matters
The central distinction is between recognizing exposure risks and engaging in behavior that restricts traceability. The results support attention to disclosure governance and observable resistance. Survey associations do not establish that raising perceived risk causes greater adoption.
Publication & citation
Miralam, M. S., Ahmed, S., Nazneen, A., Haque, R., Qazi, S., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S. (2026). Blockchain and the transparency paradox: Fear of exposure, information asymmetry, and traceability resistance in Saudi manufacturing supply chains. Acta Psychologica, 271, 107971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107971
A three-wave survey of 703 Saudi manufacturing firms distinguishes perceived transparency risks from behaviours that restrict blockchain traceability. PLS-SEM findings associate traceability resistance with lower implementation, while perceived psychological and economic risks do not simply translate into resistance. The study highlights differentiated access controls, disclosure governance and monitoring of observable resistance; the survey design does not establish causality.
Can Threat Appraisal and Coping Appraisal Influence Cybersecurity Compliance Behaviour and Protection Motivation Intention: Moderating Role of Technology Anxiety
Ahsan, M. N., Almosa, S., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S.
Research summary
How do threat and coping appraisals shape compliance with cybersecurity policies and protection motivation, and how does technology anxiety change these relationships?
Study design
The study surveyed 500 government employees at different hierarchical levels in Bangladesh and tested a model combining protection motivation, technology threat avoidance and general deterrence theories using PLS-SEM.
What the study found
Coping appraisal was significantly associated with protection motivation and compliance. Threat appraisal had a stronger influence on compliance. Technology anxiety strengthened the threat-appraisal pathway while weakening the coping-appraisal pathway.
Why it matters
The findings support differentiated training: building confidence in protective actions and reducing anxiety should accompany communication about threats. These are associations from survey evidence, rather than experimental proof that anxiety causes compliance.
Publication & citation
Ahsan, M. N., Almosa, S., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S. (2026). Can threat appraisal and coping appraisal influence cybersecurity compliance behaviour and protection motivation intention? Journal of Applied Security Research.
Circular Economy Performance Among Readymade Garments Manufacturing Companies in Bangladesh: Institutional Pressure, Technological Readiness, Workforce Capability and Blockchain Technology Adoption
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Almosa, S., Kokash, H. A., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do regulatory and industry pressures translate into blockchain adoption and circular economy outcomes in Bangladesh’s readymade garment industry?
Study design
A cross-sectional survey of 322 firms was analyzed using PLS-SEM, combining Institutional Theory with the Technology–Organization–Environment framework.
What the study found
Coercive pressure strengthened technological readiness, while normative and mimetic pressures strengthened workforce capability. Both capabilities enabled blockchain adoption, which was associated with better circular economy performance. Workforce capability mediated the normative and mimetic pathways; environmental uncertainty moderated selected pressure–capability relationships.
Why it matters
The study points to an implementation sequence: external expectations need to be supported by skills and technological preparedness before blockchain can support traceability, resource recovery and lifecycle transparency. The single-period survey cannot establish causal effects.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Almosa, S., Kokash, H. A., & Ahmed, S. (2026). Circular economy performance among readymade garments manufacturing companies in Bangladesh. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 6(2), 85.
Does ethics perception foster hotel booking intention in livestreaming commerce platform? A cognitive-affective perspective
Ahsan, M. N., Almosa, S., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S.
Research summary
Which ethical signals in hotel livestreaming shape booking intention through viewers’ cognitive and emotional responses?
Study design
The researchers surveyed 312 Saudi consumers across three waves and used PLS-SEM to test six ethical cues within the S-O-R and Cognitive–Affective Personality System frameworks.
What the study found
Privacy protection and non-deception supported both arousal and self-efficacy. Fulfillment reliability and remuneration fairness mainly supported self-efficacy; surveillance transparency affected arousal. Streamer ethics had limited effects. Arousal and self-efficacy increased pleasure, which predicted booking intention. Social presence weakened the pleasure–intention relationship.
Why it matters
Platform and transaction assurances appear especially important in this setting. More interaction should not automatically be assumed to increase bookings: it may also create distraction or pressure. The findings concern reported intentions, rather than verified transactions.
Publication & citation
Ahsan, M. N., Almosa, S., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S. (2026). Does ethics perception foster hotel booking intention in livestreaming commerce platform? A cognitive-affective perspective. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2026.2654139
Employees cybersecurity compliance behaviour: Insight from PMT, TPB and OCT theories
Ahsan, M. N., Alam, S., Kokash, H., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do employees’ security appraisals and their organizational environment jointly shape cybersecurity compliance?
Study design
The quantitative analysis combines Protection Motivation Theory, the Theory of Planned Behavior and Organizational Culture Theory. PLS-SEM examines relationships among constructs, while Necessary Condition Analysis examines conditions required for outcomes.
What the study found
The paper reports that individual decision processes, organizational culture and security technology effectiveness matter for compliance. Its model includes perceived severity, vulnerability, response efficacy and response costs, alongside organizational cybersecurity efforts and security awareness.
Why it matters
The contribution is an integrated explanation of employee behavior rather than a technology-only account of security. Organizations can use the framework to align awareness, culture and workable protective procedures. The abstract does not specify sample size or a complete ranking of effects, so those details are not inferred here.
Publication & citation
Ahsan, M. N., Alam, S., Kokash, H., & Ahmed, S. (2026). Employees cybersecurity compliance behaviour: Insight from PMT, TPB and OCT theories. Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective.
How perceived virtual-idol advertising appeals shape impulsive hotel booking intention: Identity-activated persuasion in Saudi hospitality
Almosa, S., Ahmed, S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., & Alam, S. S.
Research summary
How do emotional, informative, creative and entertaining virtual-idol advertisements become relevant to impulsive hotel booking intention?
Study design
A survey of 385 Saudi consumers aged 18–45 with relevant influencer exposure and recent hotel-booking experience was analyzed using PLS-SEM, mediation and moderation analyses, and PLSpredict.
What the study found
Emotional and entertainment appeals predicted both self-congruence and self-referencing. Creativity predicted self-congruence only, whereas informativeness predicted self-referencing only. Both identity processes predicted impulsiveness. Social influence strengthened the self-congruence route. Technology anxiety weakened that route but strengthened the self-referencing route.
Why it matters
Different appeals cannot be treated as interchangeable. The results suggest matching an advertisement’s content to the identity process it is intended to activate. The outcome is booking intention, and the survey does not establish that these appeals produce actual impulsive purchases.
Publication & citation
Almosa, S., Ahmed, S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., & Alam, S. S. (2026). How perceived virtual-idol advertising appeals shape impulsive hotel booking intention: Identity-activated persuasion in Saudi hospitality. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2026.2714110
Interactive experiences and emotional bonds: creative tourism shaping place attachment and value
Nair, S., Aziz, N. A., Haque, R., Qazi, S., Nazneen, A., Ahmed, S., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S.
Research summary
How do creative tourism experiences become emotional connections to a destination?
Study design
The study surveyed 500 visitors across Penang, Malacca and Kuala Lumpur and used PLS-SEM, integrating expectancy disconfirmation, service-dominant logic and place attachment perspectives.
What the study found
Interactivity, cultural accessibility and experience quality predicted satisfaction, perceived value and loyalty. Accessibility was especially consistent. Satisfaction mediated the interactivity and accessibility pathways to attachment, but not the experience-quality pathway. Loyalty mediated all three. Most expectancy-confirmation moderation paths were unsupported; the significant quality–satisfaction interaction was small and negative.
Why it matters
The findings favor participatory experiences and cultural interpretation that visitors can understand and access. The cross-sectional design limits causal interpretation and generalization beyond the sampled destinations.
Publication & citation
Nair, S., Aziz, N. A., Haque, R., Qazi, S., Nazneen, A., Ahmed, S., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S. (2026). Interactive experiences and emotional bonds: Creative tourism shaping place attachment and value. Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism, 5, 1826971.
Sacred earth: Unveiling the spiritual dimensions of environmental responsibility among consumers
Aziz, N. A., Ahmed, S., & Sumi, A. A.
Research summary
Do religious values change how consumption value and environmental concern translate into sustainable marketplace behavior?
Study design
The study surveyed 383 Muslim and 383 Buddhist consumers in Malaysia. PLS-SEM multi-group analysis compared direct, indirect and moderating relationships.
What the study found
For Muslim consumers, religious values strengthened the effects of perceived consumption value on retailer preference and producer trust. For Buddhist consumers, those moderation effects ran in the opposite direction, while religious values reinforced the concern–behavior link. Retailer preference, trust and concern mediated value–behavior relationships in both groups, without significant between-group differences in indirect-effect magnitude.
Why it matters
The paper cautions against assuming that the same sustainability message works identically across religious groups. It also reports that stronger concern can reduce reliance on retailer signals in the Buddhist group. These findings describe the sampled groups and should not be generalized into fixed claims about all members of either religion.
Publication & citation
Aziz, N. A., Ahmed, S., & Sumi, A. A. (2026). Sacred earth: Unveiling the spiritual dimensions of environmental responsibility among consumers. Journal of Marketing Communications, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2026.2716856
Using Virtual Reality in Tourism Destination Decision: A Young Saudi Tourists’ Perspective with Habit is a Mediator
Kokash, H. A., Alam, S. S., Ahmed, S., Khattak, A. N., & Tariq, B.
Research summary
How do self-efficacy, enjoyment, social influence and habit shape destination decisions when tourists use virtual reality?
Study design
The study surveyed 425 participants in major Saudi cities to examine technology-related and behavioral influences on tourism destination decisions.
What the study found
Hedonic motivation was significant but did not dominate the explanation. Habitual behavior and social influence emerged as more influential elements, challenging a simple account in which the entertainment value of VR determines destination choice.
Why it matters
Tourism strategies should consider familiarity, repeat use and social context alongside immersive enjoyment. The findings concern a Saudi survey sample; they do not establish that introducing VR will automatically change travel purchases or generalize equally to every demographic.
Publication & citation
Kokash, H. A., Alam, S. S., Ahmed, S., Khattak, A. N., & Tariq, B. (2026). Using virtual reality in tourism destination decision: A young Saudi tourists’ perspective with habit as a mediator. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 27(1), 76–109.
A students’ behaviors in information security: Extension of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, N., Kokash, H. A., Alam, S., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
Which psychological and social conditions help explain students’ intentions and information security practices?
Study design
The study integrates planned behavior, protection motivation and general deterrence theories. Structural equation modeling examines relationships, and Necessary Condition Analysis examines essential conditions. Measurement items were adapted from recent empirical work.
What the study found
The paper reports significant relationships between security-related psychological factors and student behavior. Its central constructs include self-efficacy, perceived vulnerability, response efficacy and the costs of protective responses.
Why it matters
The framework supports university awareness programs that address both motivation and the practicality of secure behavior. The available abstract does not provide a sample count or enough detail to rank every predictor, so no such ranking is claimed.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, N., Kokash, H. A., Alam, S., & Ahmed, S. (2025). A student’s behaviors in information security: Extension of Protection Motivation Theory. Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 34(3), 191–213.
Advancing Circular Economy Implementation in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Financial Resources, Operational Alignment, and Absorptive Capacity
Ahmed, S., Ahsan, N., Alam, S. S., & Kokash, H. A.
Research summary
What enables service and manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia to put circular economy practices into operation?
Study design
PLS-SEM was applied to survey data from 350 SMEs. The model combines the Theory of Planned Behavior, Resource-Based View and Absorptive Capacity Theory, examining attitudes, investment, support, alignment, compatibility and knowledge absorption.
What the study found
Financial investment and operational readiness were significant implementation drivers. Absorptive capacity changed how resource deployment related to implementation. Management support showed a limited direct relationship with implementation.
Why it matters
The results favor concrete investment, operating arrangements and knowledge-building alongside leadership endorsement. Financial incentives and knowledge-sharing networks are practical options discussed by the paper. The observational design does not demonstrate that any one intervention will cause successful implementation.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., Ahsan, N., Alam, S. S., & Kokash, H. A. (2025). Advancing circular economy implementation in Malaysian SMEs. Circular Economy and Sustainability.
Approaches and Applications of Business Research Methods
Alam, S. S., Haq, M. R., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Ahsan, M.
Research summary
What does Approaches and Applications of Business Research Methods offer students and researchers?
Study design
This is a coauthored academic methods book published by IGI Global Scientific Publishing in 2025. The overview is based on its table of contents and preface, rather than treating it as an edited collection or an empirical journal study.
What the study found
Nineteen chapters move from research problems, philosophy, literature review and hypothesis development to sampling, data collection and questionnaires. Later chapters cover qualitative methods, measurement reliability and validity, quantitative analysis and hypothesis tests, mixed methods, proposals, reports, market research and journal publication. Practical chapters introduce SPSS, structural modeling with SmartPLS and qualitative analysis with NVivo.
Why it matters
Its intended audience includes graduate and postgraduate students and early-career researchers seeking both conceptual foundations and practical guidance. The book has five authors, including Saif Ahmed; it is not an edited book.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Haq, M. R., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Ahsan, M. (Authors). IGI Global, 2025.
Citizens’ engagement with cybersecurity measures in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Alam, S., Ahmed, S., Dhali, M., Syed, & Alam, S.
Research summary
How do psychological perceptions and technical security characteristics shape citizens’ engagement with cybersecurity in Bangladesh’s e-governance systems?
Study design
A cross-sectional study tests an integrated framework covering perceived threats and exposure, technical security, usability, system efficiency, institutional integrity, policy adherence and trust.
What the study found
Threat appraisal was important for technical security attributes, user-friendly security and perceived benevolence. Perceived technical competence, efficient security systems, e-government integrity, technology adoption and policy adherence, and trust were key elements in citizens’ security attitudes and behavior.
Why it matters
Effective public digital services need understandable and usable security as well as credible institutions and technical safeguards. The study concerns relationships measured at one point in time; it does not track how trust or engagement develops longitudinally.
Publication & citation
Alam, S., Ahmed, S., Dhali, M., Syed, & Alam, S. (2025). Citizens’ engagement with cybersecurity measures in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Information Security, 24, 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00918-9
Creating Value Through Co-Production: A Malaysian Study of Hotel Livestreaming and Customer Engagement
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., Khattak, A. N., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
What encourages customers to contribute to hotel livestream experiences and co-create value?
Study design
The study analyzes data from 400 respondents using PLS-SEM, combining Service-Dominant Logic with Self-Congruity Theory in Malaysian hotel livestreaming.
What the study found
Fairness, customer cognition and interaction significantly predicted co-production intention. Co-production mediated their relationships with value co-creation. Value in use, including personalization and relative advantage, also strongly predicted value co-creation intention.
Why it matters
The results suggest designing livestreams that make participation fair, understandable and useful to customers. The empirical outcomes are intentions; the study does not directly demonstrate increased hotel revenue or objectively measured loyalty.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., Khattak, A. N., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Creating value through co-production: A Malaysian study of hotel livestreaming and customer engagement. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration.
Cultural values, environmental concern, and ease of purchase
Kokash, H. A., Almosa, S., Ahsan, N., Alam, S. S., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do cultural values and purchase convenience shape intentions to buy remanufactured products?
Study design
A survey of 383 Saudi respondents was analyzed with PLS-SEM. The model integrates Value-Belief-Norm Theory, the Theory of Planned Behavior and Attitude-Behavior-Context Theory.
What the study found
All three value orientations positively predicted environmental concern. Concern then predicted environmental attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, mediating the value pathways. Ease of purchase strengthened the attitude–intention link but negatively moderated the perceived-control pathway.
Why it matters
The study supports combining value-based sustainability communication with practical improvements in purchasing access. Convenience is not represented as uniformly strengthening every pathway. The measured outcome is purchase intention, rather than observed purchasing.
Publication & citation
Kokash, H. A., Almosa, S., Ahsan, N., Alam, S. S., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Cultural values, environmental concern, and ease of purchase. Circular Economy and Sustainability.
Deciphering International Students' Choices: Push-Pull Dynamics and Necessary Condition Analysis in Malaysian University Selection
Aziz, N. A., Ahmed, S., Haque, R., Qazi, S. Z., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S.
Research summary
Which factors influence international students’ selection of Malaysian universities, and which act as necessary preconditions?
Study design
A cross-sectional survey of 400 international students used stratified random sampling. SEM assessed influential relationships, while Necessary Condition Analysis assessed essential conditions across university attributes, economics, host-country policies, culture and perceived skill acquisition.
What the study found
University characteristics—especially academic quality and institutional reputation—were important determinants and necessary conditions for attracting international applicants. The analysis distinguishes factors associated with stronger enrollment decisions from conditions whose absence can constrain those decisions.
Why it matters
The findings help institutions prioritize foundational academic and reputational requirements before relying on additional attractions. A necessary condition is not sufficient by itself: satisfying a minimum requirement does not guarantee that a student will enroll.
Publication & citation
Aziz, N. A., Ahmed, S., Haque, R., Qazi, S. Z., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S. (2025). Deciphering international students’ choices: Push-pull dynamics and Necessary Condition Analysis in Malaysian university selection. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(1), 1–34.
Does Virtual Reality Marketing Affect User Stickiness in Virtual Reality Tourism? Mediating Analysis
Alam, S. S., Alshohail, M., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., Khattak, A. N., & Haq, M. R.
Research summary
Which VR marketing characteristics help explain users’ willingness to remain engaged with a tourism platform?
Study design
A structured survey of 325 VR-tourism users in major Saudi cities was analyzed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS. The model considers VR skills, visual appeal, ease of use, positive affect and user stickiness.
What the study found
Ease of use showed a large reported effect, and enjoyment supported stickiness through positive affect. Visual appeal unexpectedly negatively influenced positive affect, indicating that more elaborate visuals need not produce a better experience.
Why it matters
The paper emphasizes balancing visual presentation with usability and user skill. The explanation that complex visuals may overwhelm users is an interpretation of the pattern, not an experimentally isolated mechanism.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Alshohail, M., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., Khattak, A. N., & Haq, M. R. (2025). Does virtual reality marketing affect user stickiness in virtual reality tourism? Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism.
Drivers of Waste Separation Behavior in Urban Bangladesh: Leveraging Social Norms and Environmental Awareness for Circular Economy Success
Alam, S. S., Haque, I. M. M. S., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Ahsan, M. N.
Research summary
What explains household waste separation intentions and practices in urban Bangladesh?
Study design
The study surveyed 500 respondents from major cities and used PLS structural equation modeling. It combines the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Norms Theory and Norm Activation Model.
What the study found
Environmental awareness and social norms significantly influenced separation intentions. The availability of separation facilities moderated the intention–behavior relationship. Perceived behavioral control did not have a significant direct relationship with behavioral intention.
Why it matters
Education and social encouragement need to be paired with accessible infrastructure. The non-significant control result is retained rather than presenting all proposed predictors as successful. The survey supports associations within the sampled urban settings, rather than causal estimates of a waste-management intervention.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Haque, I. M. M. S., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Ahsan, M. N. (2025). Drivers of waste separation behavior in urban Bangladesh. Circular Economy and Sustainability.
Environmental Concern and Digital Engagement as Drivers of Circular Product Buying Intention in Malaysia: an Integrated S-O-R, TPB, and DOI Perspective
Kokash, H. A., Ahsan, M. N., Hafeez, M. H., Khattak, A. N., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S.
Research summary
How do social media use and digital marketing relate to intentions to buy products designed for reuse, recycling and reduced waste?
Study design
A cross-sectional survey of 632 Malaysian consumers was analyzed with PLS-SEM using an integrated S-O-R, planned behavior and innovation-diffusion framework.
What the study found
Digital stimuli significantly shaped subjective norms and perceived consumer effectiveness, contributing to purchase intention. Innovativeness strengthened the effectiveness–intention relationship and interacted with attitudes. The paper discusses how perceived greenwashing, product risks and inconvenience can weaken the translation of favorable environmental attitudes into intention.
Why it matters
The findings suggest transparent sustainability communication and engagement with innovative consumers, while addressing practical product concerns. The study measures intention, so the results should not be treated as evidence of actual circular-product sales.
Publication & citation
Kokash, H. A., Ahsan, M. N., Hafeez, M. H., Khattak, A. N., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S. (2025). Environmental concern and digital engagement as drivers of circular product buying intention in Malaysia. Circular Economy and Sustainability.
Exploring Digital Engagement and Tourist Loyalty in Aruba: Mediating Roles of Emotional and Cultural Attachments, and Moderating Influence of Self-Congruity
Ramsoondar, R. D., Aziz, N. A., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do social media and digital word of mouth relate to destination loyalty?
Study design
The cross-sectional Aruba survey uses PLS-SEM to examine digital engagement, destination image, emotional attachment, nostalgia, cultural attachment and self-congruity.
What the study found
Digital engagement significantly influenced destination image. Emotional attachment mediated important loyalty pathways, while nostalgia mediated the social-media engagement pathway. Cultural attachment had limited mediation. Self-congruity strengthened the emotional-attachment–loyalty link but weakened the direct contribution of destination value.
Why it matters
The findings highlight emotional and identity-related connections in digital tourism marketing. Because the design is cross-sectional and based on a single destination, it cannot demonstrate how loyalty develops over repeated visits.
Publication & citation
Ramsoondar, R. D., Aziz, N. A., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Exploring digital engagement and tourist loyalty in Aruba. Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality.
Impact of AI on Customer Experience in Video Streaming Services: A Focus on Personalization and Trust
Ahmed, S., & Aziz, N. A.
Research summary
How do AI-based recommendations shape customer experience in video streaming services?
Study design
The study uses data from users in Klang Valley, Malaysia, and combines PLS-SEM with Necessary Condition Analysis. The framework examines personalization, interactivity, service quality, trust, commitment and expectancy confirmation.
What the study found
Personalization significantly predicted satisfaction, with a reported path coefficient of 0.34. Trust mediated the effect of perceived interactivity, and expectancy confirmation moderated the relationship between service attributes and satisfaction. NCA complements the relationship analysis by examining essential conditions.
Why it matters
The findings support improving the relevance of recommendations while maintaining dependable, trustworthy interactions. They concern perceived experiences and satisfaction; they do not directly test algorithmic accuracy or establish experimentally that a recommendation system increases retention.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., & Aziz, N. A. (2025). Impact of AI on customer experience in video streaming services: A focus on personalization and trust. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41(12), 7726–7745. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2400395
Live streaming characteristics, motivational factors, trust and impulsive hotel booking intention: mediating role of customer engagement and moderating role of time pressure
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do livestream characteristics and viewer motivation relate to trust, engagement and impulsive hotel booking?
Study design
An online survey of 383 Saudi participants who use hotel-booking livestreams was analyzed with structural equation modeling. The study examines professionalism, informativeness, entertainment and interactivity.
What the study found
Stream characteristics significantly influenced trust, which supported customer engagement and impulsive booking intention. Under greater time pressure, the relationship between engagement and impulsive booking became weaker.
Why it matters
The paper suggests building informative, credible and engaging streams while avoiding the assumption that stronger time pressure always improves conversion. Its survey measures intentions and reported perceptions, rather than a controlled test of real booking behavior.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Live streaming characteristics, motivational factors, trust and impulsive hotel booking intention: Mediating role of customer engagement and moderating role of time pressure. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 34(5), 651–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2025.2472071
Post-pandemic festival tourism
Nair, S., Abd Aziz, N., Haque, R., Qazi, S. Z., Murad, S. M. A., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do leisure constraints and hedonic experiences relate to attachment and intention to revisit festival destinations?
Study design
The paper uses structural equation modeling on data from 500 participants recruited through targeted online platforms, integrating place attachment, self-determination and S-O-R perspectives.
What the study found
Overcoming travel limitations was associated with stronger enjoyment, emotional connections and revisit intention. Hedonism conditioned the relationships involving constraints, attachment and intended return. Temporal distance weakened the enjoyment-related revisit relationship, while the proposed travel-motivation moderation was not significant.
Why it matters
The paper favors accessible, emotionally meaningful festival experiences. The evidence concerns overcoming constraints among participants; it should not be interpreted as recommending that organizers create barriers to increase enjoyment.
Publication & citation
Nair, S., Abd Aziz, N., Haque, R., Qazi, S. Z., Murad, S. M. A., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Post-pandemic festival tourism. Scientific Culture, 11(3).
Relationship between technology readiness, AI adoption and value creation in hospitality industry: Moderating role of technological turbulence
Alam, S. S., Kokash, H. A., Ahsan, M. N., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do technology readiness, AI adoption, dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage combine to explain value creation?
Study design
The study uses stratified purposive sampling and structural equation modeling on data from 336 Malaysian hospitality respondents. It integrates resource-based, dynamic capability and contingency perspectives.
What the study found
Technology readiness and AI adoption positively related to value creation. Sustainable competitive advantage mediated the contributions of AI adoption and dynamic capabilities. Dynamic capabilities showed a complex relationship, including a negative direct effect discussed in terms of transition costs. Technological turbulence significantly moderated the dynamic-capabilities–value-creation relationship, rather than all proposed paths.
Why it matters
The evidence favors readiness and organizational capabilities that translate technology into competitive value. The interpretation about transition challenges is an explanation of survey findings, not a longitudinal demonstration that initially negative effects later become positive.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Kokash, H. A., Ahsan, M. N., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Relationship between technology readiness, AI adoption and value creation in hospitality industry: Moderating role of technological turbulence. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 127, 104133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104133
Remanufactured consumer goods buying intention in circular economy: Insight of value-belief-norm theory, self-identity theory
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Di, W.
Research summary
Why do consumers intend to buy remanufactured electronic products, particularly computers?
Study design
A cross-sectional study of 349 respondents was analyzed with structural equation modeling, drawing on Value-Belief-Norm Theory and Self-Identity Theory.
What the study found
Ethical sensitivity and pro-environmental self-identity increased purchase intention. Ecological consciousness acted as both a direct predictor and a mediator. Perceived benefits were positive and perceived costs negative, whereas price consciousness had no significant effect.
Why it matters
The results distinguish perceived costs from general price consciousness and support communicating product value alongside environmental and ethical relevance. They describe intentions, not verified purchases, and do not mean that price is unimportant to every consumer or product category.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Kokash, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Di, W. (2025). Remanufactured consumer goods buying intention in circular economy. Journal of Remanufacturing.
A Structural Path Analysis Bangladeshi SMEs’ Sustainability through Social Media Marketing
Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., Qazi, S. Z., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How did e-business technology and social media marketing relate to Bangladeshi SME sustainability during the COVID-19 context?
Study design
A quantitative survey of SMEs in Dhaka was analyzed using PLS-SEM. The model connects technology acceptance, e-business adoption, social media marketing and business sustainability.
What the study found
Perceived usefulness and ease of use helped explain adoption of internet and e-business technologies. The paper identifies relationships connecting technology adoption and social media marketing with sustainability. The proposed expense-related explanation for social media advertising was not supported.
Why it matters
The study supports making digital tools useful and workable for SMEs, alongside marketing capabilities. Its Dhaka focus limits generalization beyond the sampled setting, and business sustainability here should not be read automatically as measured environmental performance.
Publication & citation
Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., Qazi, S. Z., & Ahmed, S. (2024). Bangladeshi SMEs’ sustainability through social media marketing. Sustainability, 16(13), 5433.
A Structural Path Analysis Towards Examining Technological Factors Influencing SME’S Sustainability Through Social Media Marketing
Research summary
How are perceived usefulness, ease of use, e-business adoption and social media marketing related to SME sustainability?
Study design
The preprint reports a quantitative Dhaka SME survey analyzed using PLS-SEM. Its source identifies a later peer-reviewed version in Sustainability, DOI 10.3390/su16135433, separately listed in this library.
What the study found
Usefulness and ease of use helped explain technology adoption, and the model linked e-business and social media marketing to sustainability. The expense-related explanation for social media advertising was not supported.
Why it matters
This record describes the preprint version, not an additional independent dataset or separate replication. Readers should consult the linked journal version for the final peer-reviewed account.
Publication & citation
A Structural Path Analysis Towards Examining Technological Factors Influencing SME’S Sustainability Through Social Media Marketing. 2024.
Adoption of big data analytics and artificial intelligence among hospitality and tourism companies
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Masukujjaman, M., Kokash, H. A., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
What predicts hospitality and tourism firms’ intention to accept big-data analytics and AI?
Study design
A cross-sectional online survey collected responses from 343 Malaysian owners and managers. The researchers developed a Comprehensive Theory of Use and Adoption of Technology model and tested it with structural equation modeling in AMOS.
What the study found
Strategic orientation, performance effectiveness, top management support, organizational resources, employee readiness and technology expectancy predicted adoption intention. Innovation did not significantly predict behavioral intention.
Why it matters
The findings favor coordinated organizational preparation rather than treating technological novelty as sufficient motivation. They explain adoption intentions within the surveyed firms and do not directly measure realized financial returns from implementing AI.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahsan, M. N., Masukujjaman, M., Kokash, H. A., & Ahmed, S. (2024). Adoption of big data analytics and artificial intelligence among hospitality and tourism companies. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism.
Antecedents and Consequence of Trust - Commitment Towards Artificial Based Customer Experience
Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Alainati, S., Haque, R., Ahmed, S., Khalil, M. I., & Chowdhury, B.
Research summary
How do service convenience, personalization, quality, trust and relationship commitment relate to AI-enabled customer experience?
Study design
The paper applies trust–commitment theory and a service-quality framework to an online survey of 301 users who had experienced AI-enabled YouTube services. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM.
What the study found
The executive summary reports direct relationships involving convenience, personalization and service quality, and an intermediary role for trust and commitment. Relationship commitment mediated the service-quality–customer-experience link. Trust alone did not account for all of the development of commitment.
Why it matters
Although the introduction discusses retail AI broadly, the empirical respondents used YouTube services. The study should therefore be described in that actual service context rather than presented as a general experiment across retail industries.
Publication & citation
Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Alainati, S., Haque, R., Ahmed, S., Khalil, M. I., & Chowdhury, B. (2024). Antecedents and consequence of trust-commitment towards artificial based customer experience. UCJC Business and Society Review, 21(80).
Consumer’s acceptance of retail service robots: mediating role of pleasure and arousal
Alam, S. S., Abdullah, S., Kokash, H., Ahmed, S., & Omar, N.
Research summary
How do emotional responses help translate consumer perceptions into willingness to use service robots in retail?
Study design
The researchers used online snowball sampling to survey 323 people and analyzed the data with PLS-SEM. The framework combines reasoned action, self-efficacy and the pleasure–arousal–dominance model.
What the study found
Subjective norms, technological self-efficacy, habit and attitudes significantly affected use intention. Pleasure was a more important mediator than arousal in connecting consumer perceptions to willingness to interact with robots.
Why it matters
Retail robot design and communication should consider enjoyable, comfortable interactions alongside functionality. Because the evidence comes from a non-probability survey and intention measures, it does not establish population-wide adoption rates or the causal effects of installing a robot.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Abdullah, S., Kokash, H., Ahmed, S., & Omar, N. (2024). Consumer’s acceptance of retail service robots: Mediating role of pleasure and arousal. Journal of Decision Systems.
Correction to: Interplay of perceived organizational and external e-readiness in the adoption and integration of augmented reality and virtual reality technologies in Malaysian higher education institutions
About this record
A correction associated with the article on organizational and external e-readiness for AR/VR in Malaysian higher education.
Record status
This record identifies a correction notice. The available original-study PDF cannot establish the contents of the separate correction.
Verification note
The exact amendments have not been verified here, so the original study’s 425-participant findings are not presented as new findings of this notice.
How to read this record
Consult the correction and original article together. The original research overview is linked below; it describes the empirical study rather than the amendment.
Publication & citation
Correction to: Interplay of perceived organizational and external e-readiness in the adoption and integration of augmented reality and virtual reality technologies in Malaysian higher education institutions. 2024.
Digital transformation in Malaysian manufacturing: a study of change sensing and seizing capabilities
Ahmed, S., Abd Aziz, N., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., & Qazi, S. Z.
Research summary
How do organizational culture, resources, change-management capability and employee attitudes relate to digital transformation readiness?
Study design
The study combines a survey of 357 participants with semi-structured interviews involving 20 key informants from manufacturing companies. Its theoretical foundations include dynamic capabilities, the Resource-Based View and change management.
What the study found
Resource availability, organizational culture, change-management competency and employee attitudes toward innovation and change significantly influenced readiness. The qualitative and quantitative evidence emphasizes the importance of coordinating these organizational conditions.
Why it matters
The contribution concerns preparation for transformation, rather than a simple claim that buying technology guarantees performance. The findings suggest addressing resources, culture and employee participation together when planning digital change.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., Abd Aziz, N., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., & Qazi, S. Z. (2024). Digital transformation in Malaysian manufacturing: A study of change sensing and seizing capabilities. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1).
Effect of Recommendation Agent on On-Line Consumer Unplanned Purchase Behavior through Loyalty
Ahmed, S., Masukujjaman, M., Alam, S., & Kokash, H.
Research summary
How might recommendation agents relate to unplanned purchasing through the online shopping experience and customer loyalty?
Study design
The publisher’s abstract describes a questionnaire distributed across faculties at two Malaysian public universities, using probability sampling and structural equation modeling in AMOS.
What the study found
The model integrates product-search effectiveness, promotional effectiveness, website satisfaction and loyalty to examine unplanned purchase behavior. The accessible abstract does not report individual path results, effect sizes or a sample count.
Why it matters
The study contributes a customer-oriented model for recommendation agents. Specific claims that loyalty mediates a particular effect, or that all proposed effects are significant, would go beyond the available abstract and are therefore not stated.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., Masukujjaman, M., Alam, S., & Kokash, H. (2024). Effect of recommendation agent on online consumer unplanned purchase behavior through loyalty. International Journal of Business Information Systems.
Empowering Higher Education: The Tech Advantage in Work Coordination and Risk Management for Financial Growth
Ummu, A. A. R., Ahmed, S., et al.
Research summary
Can enterprise risk management explain how coordinated work relates to financial performance in public higher education?
Study design
The study uses structural equation modeling on responses from 350 key informants across 20 Malaysian institutions, interpreting enterprise risk management as a strategic organizational resource.
What the study found
Work coordination significantly improved enterprise risk management implementation, which positively related to financial performance. Risk management also mediated the coordination–performance relationship.
Why it matters
The paper recommends strengthening governance, leadership involvement and digital risk-management tools. These recommendations respond to financial pressures in public institutions, but the survey does not experimentally test the returns from a particular tool or governance reform.
Publication & citation
Ummu, A. A. R., Ahmed, S., et al. (2024). Empowering higher education: The tech advantage in work coordination and risk management for financial growth. Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science, 6(1), 641–655.
Exploring Multi-Religious Perspective of Artificial Intelligence
Ahmed, S., Sumi, A. A., & Aziz, N. A.
Research summary
How do five major religious traditions interpret the opportunities and ethical responsibilities associated with artificial intelligence?
Study design
The paper is a systematic literature review of theological, philosophical and ethical perspectives. It is not a consumer survey or an experiment measuring religious groups’ AI adoption.
What the study found
The synthesis highlights dignity and stewardship in Christian perspectives; justice and community welfare in Islamic perspectives; Dharma and non-harm in Hindu perspectives; compassion and relief of suffering in Buddhist perspectives; and justice, responsibility and repairing the world in Jewish perspectives.
Why it matters
The contribution is a comparative ethical framework for culturally sensitive AI discussion. These are themes identified in the reviewed literature, rather than uniform positions held by every adherent of each tradition.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., Sumi, A. A., & Aziz, N. A. (2024). Exploring multi-religious perspectives of artificial intelligence. Theology and Science.
Islamic teachings and environmental corporate social responsibility in Bangladesh: a mixed-methods research approach
Sumi, A. A., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S.
Research summary
How are Islamic teachings reflected in environmental corporate social responsibility practices in Bangladesh?
Study design
The study combines a closed-question survey with semi-structured interviews. Quantitative reliability and validity checks accompany thematic analysis of organizational leaders’ motivations, attitudes and challenges.
What the study found
The interviews illuminate efforts to align Islamic ethics with environmental stewardship. Quantitative findings support relationships between the organizational practices examined and environmental CSR. The abstract identifies these practices through coded measures rather than providing a full effect ranking.
Why it matters
The paper supports adapting CSR policies to relevant religious and cultural settings. Its contribution is context-sensitive organizational evidence, not a claim that religious identity by itself guarantees environmentally responsible conduct.
Publication & citation
Sumi, A. A., Ahmed, S., & Alam, S. S. (2024). Islamic teachings and environmental corporate social responsibility in Bangladesh: A mixed-methods research approach. Journal of Islamic Marketing.
Library Services Provision During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study Between Developing Countries
Ahmed, M. N., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., Ahmed, S., et al.
Research summary
How did libraries in Bangladesh and Malaysia respond to pandemic restrictions while continuing to serve their communities?
Study design
A qualitative comparative study interviewed three respondents. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically, focusing on service provision, working arrangements and libraries’ roles.
What the study found
Physical closures did not end service delivery. Libraries shifted toward online access, revised websites and social channels, reassigned resources and planned remote systems. Staff experienced challenges adapting to work from home.
Why it matters
The findings illustrate adaptation and service continuity in a small qualitative sample. They should not be presented as a nationally representative comparison of all libraries in either country or as a quantitative estimate of service effectiveness.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, M. N., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., Ahmed, S., et al. (2024). Library services provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Religion, 5(5), 816–831.
Motivations and Barriers in the Gig Economy: Understanding Gig Work Intention Among Young Malaysians
About this record
The bibliographic record concerns motivations and barriers associated with young Malaysians’ intentions to undertake gig work.
Record status
Listed as a preprint, associated with SSRN DOI 10.2139/ssrn.4902616. Its abstract and study design have not been verified for this overview.
Verification note
No sample size, statistical results or conclusions are stated because they cannot be established from the checked source material.
How to read this record
Use the original preprint record for the research account. This page preserves the citation without substituting generic statements about gig work for the author’s findings.
Publication & citation
Motivations and Barriers in the Gig Economy: Understanding Gig Work Intention Among Young Malaysians. 2024.
Predicting Eco-labeled Product Buying Behavior in an Emerging Economy through an Extension of Theory of Planned Behavior
Alam, S. S., Ho, Y.-H., Ahmed, S., & Lin, C.-Y.
Research summary
Which psychological and informational factors explain intentions to buy eco-labeled products?
Study design
A consumer questionnaire survey was analyzed using PLS-SEM. The model extends planned behavior with environmental knowledge, perceived value, concern, product knowledge, self-efficacy, guilt and eco-labeling.
What the study found
Product knowledge moderated the subjective-norm–purchase-intention relationship. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control mediated the contribution of environmental concern. Consumer guilt, eco-labeling, perceived value, self-efficacy and environmental knowledge also significantly influenced intention.
Why it matters
The findings suggest that labels work within a broader system of knowledge, confidence, social influence and perceived value. Despite the title’s reference to buying behavior, the abstract’s reported relationships center on buying intention; actual sales effects are not inferred.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ho, Y.-H., Ahmed, S., & Lin, C.-Y. (2024). Predicting eco-labeled product buying behavior. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(9), e6220.
Towards a circular economy: Cleaner production technology adoption among SMEs
Alam, S. S., Masukujjaman, M., Ahmed, S., Kokash, H. A., & Khattak, A.
Research summary
What explains the adoption of cleaner production technologies among SMEs in Malaysia?
Study design
The study applies the Technology–Organization–Environment framework and multiple regression to responses from 437 SME managers.
What the study found
Significant predictors included relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, regulatory and customer pressures, government support, environmental uncertainty, human resources and top management support. Perceived cost was not a significant predictor.
Why it matters
The results suggest that adoption support should address capability, policy and market conditions together. The non-significant cost result concerns this model and sample; it does not mean that financial constraints never matter for cleaner production investments.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Masukujjaman, M., Ahmed, S., Kokash, H. A., & Khattak, A. (2024). Towards a circular economy: Cleaner production technology adoption among SMEs. Circular Economy and Sustainability.
Utility and hedonic perception- Customers’ intention towards using of QR codes in mobile payment of Generation Y and Generation Z
Alam, S. S., Ahmed, S., Kokash, H. A., Mahmud, M. S., & Sharnali, S. Z.
Research summary
How do practical and hedonic perceptions relate to QR-code mobile-payment adoption among younger generations?
Study design
The study collected 300 valid online questionnaire responses from Generation Y and Generation Z users in Bangladesh. Structural equation modeling draws on UTAUT and the S-O-R framework.
What the study found
Effort expectancy, performance expectancy and subjective norms significantly influenced users’ utilitarian perceptions and satisfaction with QR payments. The model considers both functional usefulness and hedonic perceptions in explaining adoption intention.
Why it matters
The findings help payment providers consider usability, perceived performance and social context. The abstract does not support claiming that one generation outperformed the other or that a particular interface change caused higher payment adoption.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahmed, S., Kokash, H. A., Mahmud, M. S., & Sharnali, S. Z. (2024). Utility and hedonic perception—Customers’ intention towards using QR codes in mobile payment of Generation Y and Generation Z. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 65, 101389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2024.101389
An Analysis of Structural Path Modelling of CSR Dimensions with the Mediation Effect of Customer Demand and Satisfaction on Revisit Intention
Khalil, M. I., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Al-Ainati, S., Alkhatib, H., Ahmed, S., & Chowdhury, B.
Research summary
How do different dimensions of hotel CSR relate to guests’ intentions to revisit, through customer demand and satisfaction?
Study design
The paper uses a quantitative questionnaire design with 203 participants in the Bangladesh hotel context and structural path modeling.
What the study found
The reported findings place customer satisfaction centrally in linking economic, environmental and social CSR with revisit intention. The abstract describes mediation inconsistently, so individual supported mediation paths are not asserted here without qualification.
Why it matters
The paper contributes a multidimensional CSR perspective on guest relationships. Managers can consider how CSR is experienced by customers, while distinguishing intended return visits from observed repeat bookings. Detailed path interpretation should follow the article’s reported results rather than its ambiguous abstract wording.
Publication & citation
Khalil, M. I., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Al-Ainati, S., Alkhatib, H., Ahmed, S., & Chowdhury, B. (2023). CSR dimensions and revisit intention. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 29(2), 406–430.
Interplay of perceived organizational and external e-readiness in the adoption and integration of augmented reality and virtual reality technologies in Malaysian higher education institutions
Alam, S. S., Ahmed, S., & Kokash, H. A.
Research summary
How do organizational and external e-readiness shape the initial adoption and integration of augmented and virtual reality in higher education?
Study design
A reflective structural equation model was tested using responses from 425 Malaysian university administrators and academics. Constructs include adoption, institutionalization, change commitment and efficacy, relative advantage, compatibility and complexity.
What the study found
Higher organizational readiness was associated with greater perceived advantage and compatibility and lower perceived complexity. Market and government support also shaped perceptions of the technologies, including complexity.
Why it matters
The findings distinguish readiness within an institution from conditions in its external environment. The contribution concerns organizational adoption processes, rather than experimentally measured improvements in students’ learning outcomes.
Publication & citation
Alam, S. S., Ahmed, S., & Kokash, H. A. (2023). Interplay of perceived organizational and external e-readiness in AR/VR adoption in Malaysian higher education institutions. Education and Information Technologies.
Job Satisfaction: A Study on the Civil Service Field of Administration
Rana, M., Ahmed, S., Rahman, A., Senathirajah, S., Khalil, M. I., & Chowdhury, B.
Research summary
Which internal and external organizational factors relate to job satisfaction among Bangladesh Civil Service administration officers?
Study design
The study combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, randomly selecting 106 officers and analyzing survey responses with SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 4.
What the study found
Field-level officers were moderately satisfied overall. Transfer and posting, work and working environment, and promotion and recognition significantly predicted satisfaction. Salary and training/career-planning variables were not significant in this analysis.
Why it matters
The evidence supports attention to assignment practices, workplace conditions and recognition. The results describe the sampled officers and model; a non-significant salary relationship should not be interpreted as proof that compensation never affects public-sector employees.
Publication & citation
Rana, M., Ahmed, S., Rahman, A., Senathirajah, S., Khalil, M. I., & Chowdhury, B. (2023). Job satisfaction: A study on the civil service field of administration. Res Militaris, 13(2), 1292–1321.
Library services provision services during the covid-19 pandemic: a comparative study between Bangladesh and Malaysia.
About this record
This record concerns a proposed comparison of library service provision during COVID-19 in Bangladesh and Malaysia.
Record status
The library identifies this item as a research proposal. The supplied completed article is a separate record and is not treated as the proposal itself.
Verification note
A proposal does not establish completed findings. The three-interview results of the published comparative study are summarized on that study’s own page.
How to read this record
This entry preserves the research history while distinguishing a proposal from a completed publication. Follow the related published study below for the verified research summary.
Publication & citation
Library services provision services during the covid-19 pandemic: a comparative study between Bangladesh and Malaysia.. 2023.
Mediation of Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Fast-Food Restaurants Aimed at Sustainable Growth
Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., Ahmed, S., et al.
Research summary
Which aspects of the fast-food experience relate to loyalty through customer satisfaction?
Study design
The published article reports a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 254 restaurant customers. It examines the physical environment, convenience, price and value, food quality and speed of service.
What the study found
Food quality, price, value and service speed were identified as key satisfaction predictors. Satisfaction was positively related to loyalty, providing a pathway linking the service experience to ongoing customer relationships.
Why it matters
The paper recommends focusing on the basic dining experience and value rather than relying only on loyalty schemes. The published sample count is used here; an earlier conference abstract reports a different count and should not be substituted for the journal version.
Publication & citation
Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., Ahmed, S., et al. (2023). Mediation of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in fast-food restaurants. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 29(3), 114–128.
Predictors of Social Entrepreneurship Intention Amongst Undergraduates
Barman, P. D., Haque, R., Ahmed, S., et al.
Research summary
What encourages Bangladeshi graduates to consider social entrepreneurship as a response to social needs and employment challenges?
Study design
The researchers collected online questionnaire data and analyzed relationships using SmartPLS. The framework considers attitude, education, social support, social entrepreneurial outcome expectations and self-efficacy.
What the study found
Attitude and education had comparatively stronger effects on intention in the reported findings. The paper also discusses barriers such as the cost of business approval and the practical opportunities offered by e-commerce.
Why it matters
The study connects entrepreneurial education and support with the formation of intentions. It does not establish that intention necessarily results in starting a social enterprise, and the available abstract does not provide a verified sample count.
Publication & citation
Barman, P. D., Haque, R., Ahmed, S., et al. (2023). Predictors of social entrepreneurship intention amongst undergraduates. Change Management, 23, 30–52.
A Structural Path Study Modeling Factors Influencing Social Entrepreneurship Intention: A Bangladeshi Youth Case Study
Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do personal expectations and perceived social support relate to young people’s intention to establish a social enterprise?
Study design
The paper develops and examines a structural path framework grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory and the social entrepreneurship literature in a Bangladeshi youth setting.
What the study found
The overview reports relationships between entrepreneurial intention, perceived attractiveness and social support. Self-efficacy and anticipated outcomes are important conditional elements in the proposed explanation of intention.
Why it matters
The contribution concerns the formation of motivation for social ventures. It should not be read as a measured prediction of business survival or social impact. The overview does not justify adding a sample count or effect-size ranking, so these are omitted.
Publication & citation
Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Khalil, M. I., & Ahmed, S. (2022). A structural path study modelling factors influencing social entrepreneurship intention. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management.
Analyzing The Factors Affecting Sales Performance Amongst Malaysian Smes: A Structural Path Modeling Approach
Ahmed, S., Chowdhury, B., Khalil, I., Haque, R., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S.
Research summary
Which employee-related conditions are associated with sales performance in Malaysian SMEs, including direct-selling businesses?
Study design
The study collected data from 207 working professionals in SMEs in Klang Valley, Malaysia. It combines demographic analysis with structural path modeling.
What the study found
Motivational drive, the value employees attach to their work and compensation were relevant to sales performance. The model did not find a significant relationship between work–life balance and sales performance.
Why it matters
The paper discusses incentives and bonuses as managerial options. A non-significant sales relationship does not establish that work–life balance lacks value for wellbeing or other organizational outcomes; the study itself cautions against that interpretation.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., Chowdhury, B., Khalil, I., Haque, R., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S. (2022). Factors affecting sales performance amongst Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of e-Business and e-Government Studies, 14(3), 560–577.
Customers Perspective of Youtube's Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
About this record
The bibliographic record concerns customers’ perspectives on YouTube’s artificial intelligence algorithm.
Record status
This item is listed as a research proposal. A differently titled conference abstract and a later AI-experience article were located, but their results cannot automatically be attributed to this proposal.
Verification note
No completed empirical findings are claimed for this record. Sample counts and statistical relationships from related publications are intentionally not transferred across versions.
How to read this record
The related AI-enabled customer-experience article has a separate evidence-backed overview. This proposal remains available as a bibliographic record pending verification of its own text.
Publication & citation
Customers Perspective of Youtube's Artificial Intelligence Algorithm. 2022.
Empirical Study Of Social Economic Impact On Job Satisfaction Of Islamic Bank
Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Ahmed, S., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., & Khalil, M. I.
Research summary
Which organizational conditions relate to job satisfaction in Islamic banking in Chittagong, Bangladesh?
Study design
The study develops a questionnaire-based framework from the job-satisfaction literature and examines relationships between satisfaction and employment conditions.
What the study found
The reported results emphasize promotion, posting and transfer arrangements, training and professional development, and the quality of work and its environment. The available abstract does not provide a reliable sample count or a clear basis for ranking every predictor.
Why it matters
The contribution is specific to organizational employment practices in the sampled banking context. It supports attention to career processes and work conditions without implying that the same effects apply to all banks or that religious identity determines employee satisfaction.
Publication & citation
Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Ahmed, S., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., & Khalil, M. I. (2022). Empirical study of social economic impact on job satisfaction of Islamic bank. Res Militaris, 12(3).
Examining the Mediation Effect of Organizational Response Towards Covid-19 on Employee Satisfaction in SMEs
Ahmed, S., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Chowdhury, B., & Khalil, M. I.
Research summary
How are workplace conditions and organizational responses to COVID-19 related to employee satisfaction in SMEs?
Study design
A quantitative structural path study examines working conditions, pay and advancement, security, fairness, colleague and supervisor relationships, and satisfaction with the organization’s pandemic response.
What the study found
Job security, supervisor relationships, benefits and working circumstances were prominent satisfaction factors. Most examined aspects also related to satisfaction with organizational COVID-19 responses, with job security an exception in that part of the model. The paper examines response-related indirect and conditional relationships.
Why it matters
The findings highlight employees’ assessment of practical organizational support during disruption. Because the abstract uses mediation and moderation terminology inconsistently, a specific response pathway is not assigned an unverified statistical label here.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Chowdhury, B., & Khalil, M. I. (2022). Examining the mediation effect of organizational response towards COVID-19 on employee satisfaction in SMEs. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 28(2), 461–485.
Factors Affecting the Growth of Smes in Bangladesh: A Structured Equation Modeling Approach
Khalil, I., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Chowdhury, B., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
How do competitive pressures, institutional protection and government support relate to SME growth in Bangladesh?
Study design
The survey instrument was developed from policy review and entrepreneurship literature. Partial least squares modeling examines competition with larger corporations, protective measures, government assistance and growth potential.
What the study found
Government support acted as an intermediary between inadequate protective measures and SME growth potential. The analysis positions institutional conditions alongside entrepreneurial ambitions in explaining constraints on development.
Why it matters
The study offers a policy-oriented account of SME growth, rather than attributing performance entirely to the owner. The available abstract does not provide a sample size or establish the causal effect of a particular government assistance program.
Publication & citation
Khalil, I., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Chowdhury, B., & Ahmed, S. (2022). Factors affecting the growth of SMEs in Bangladesh. International Journal of e-Business and e-Government Studies.
Factors affecting the purchase behavior of youth in buying Green Laundry Detergent at Saujana Putra in Malaysia
About this record
The thesis title identifies a study of factors associated with youth purchasing of green laundry detergent in Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
Record status
The checked bibliographic material does not establish the thesis’s sample, research model or analysis procedure.
Verification note
No statistical findings, predictor rankings or recommendations are attributed to the thesis without its verified abstract or relevant text.
How to read this record
This entry preserves the thesis record and directs readers to its source, while avoiding a generic green-purchasing description presented as the study’s actual conclusions.
Publication & citation
Factors affecting the purchase behavior of youth in buying Green Laundry Detergent at Saujana Putra in Malaysia. 2022.
Modeling Factors Affecting SME Performance in Malaysia
Khalil, M. I., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Chowdhury, B., & Ahmed, S.
Research summary
Which organizational and strategic factors help explain SME performance in Malaysia?
Study design
The paper evaluates a structural model and examines the reliability and validity of its measures, including technological orientation and other organizational success factors.
What the study found
Marketing, top management, customer focus, employee guidance and organizational orientation were associated with performance, while legal factors were described as constraints. The paper reports weaknesses in technological-orientation measurement and acknowledges the model’s relatively low explanatory power.
Why it matters
The study provides a starting framework rather than a complete account of SME success. Its explicit measurement and explanatory limitations matter when applying the findings to management decisions or extending the model in future research.
Publication & citation
Khalil, M. I., Haque, R., Senathirajah, A. R. B. S., Chowdhury, B., & Ahmed, S. (2022). Modeling factors affecting SME performance in Malaysia. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management.
Motivators and Barriers of Artificial Intelligent (AI) Based Teaching
Ahmed, S., Khalil, I., Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Rahman, A., et al.
Research summary
What motivates or obstructs Malaysian educators’ adoption of AI-based pedagogical solutions?
Study design
The published abstract reports pairwise comparisons using a sample of 218 university professors, with the aim of identifying and ranking adoption influences.
What the study found
The findings emphasize that institutions need to provide teachers with resources, organizational support and recognition. Adequate funding and technological equipment are important practical conditions for integrating AI-based teaching.
Why it matters
The paper concerns educators’ adoption conditions, not a controlled comparison of students’ learning outcomes with and without AI. The overview follows the published journal abstract rather than transferring details from a differently titled conference version.
Publication & citation
Ahmed, S., Khalil, I., Chowdhury, B., Haque, R., Rahman, A., et al. (2022). Motivators and barriers of AI-based teaching. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research.